Teaching is a significant social good and therefore teachers as well as the state have to take responsibility for guarding the moral quality of the teaching practice. Based on this premise, the article describes and defends the view that these parties have their own particular role by means of literature review and theoretical and practical arguments. The authors’ first claim is that the role of the state is necessarily limited to articulating the minimal moral rules and obligations. The authors’ second claim is that teachers have to take responsibility for defining the optimal dimension of their professional morality. The article ends with some practical implications of the theoretical exposé.