The purpose of this study was to discover how colleges with graduate programs in teacher leadership were defining the concept, especially in light of federal emphasis on teacher effectiveness. The investigation identified 21 other graduate programs in teacher leadership. Using criteria developed from the literature on teacher leadership and teacher effectiveness, the authors were able to sort the 21 programs into five distinct categories. This study unpacked the confusion around the conceptualization of teacher leadership and explored how this was reflected in American teacher leadership programs.