In this article, the authors examine how assessments in schools that participated in a class size reduction program intersected with forces of accountability. The goal of this article is to broaden the understanding of what it means for schools and teachers to be held accountable for student learning and to discuss how different accountability frameworks affect instructional practices in classrooms. The research took place in nine elementary schools across South and Central Wisconsin. The authors identify three aspects of assessment practices that affect this intersection: alignment, audience, and action.