This article discusses the questions of whether and how technologies have influenced teaching and learning, and what paths are open (and closed) for future impact. The authors argue that technologies have fundamentally transformed schools – but not in ways anticipated by classroom technology enthusiasts. The authors propose a contrast between technologies for learning and technologies for learners to explain how technologies influence teaching and learning in and out of schools. The article considers how these contrasting models of technology use will come to shape schools and learning in a pluralistic society.