This study seeks to determine how differences in the Slovenian and Serbian contexts are reflected in differences in the initial cultural responsiveness of student teachers with regard to Roma minority pupils and their parents in the two countries. The results indicate that most student teachers in both groups favoured educating Roma pupils in regular schools and were aware of discrimination against Roma pupils in the education system. In addition, the results indicate that most of the student teachers agreed with the forms of cooperation that are most common in elementary schools, for example, parent meetings and individual meetings with parents. Finally, the results also indicate that the majority of student teachers from both groups would enrol Roma pupils in their class if they were charged with making this decision.