This article reports how the general pedagogical knowledge test was conceptualized in the context of Teacher Education and Development Study in Mathematics. The researchers from the United States, Germany, and Taiwan worked together and used representative samples of future middle school teachers in these countries from a survey which conducted on 2008. Findings revealed that U.S. future middle school teachers were significantly outperformed by future teachers in Germany and Taiwan. Furthermore, the data revealed that U.S. future middle school teachers had a relative strength in generating classroom strategies but a weakness in recalling knowledge and analyzing problems.